In action research, there are some specific
characteristics of the primary,
namely:
1. Researchers, in this case the teacher should be involved directly
in the provision of treatment.
2. Providing treatment is not the same between each cycle,
meaning that there will be differences
between the first treatment with the
second treatment, a second treatment
with the three treatments,
and so on. It
aims to find out to what extent,
the optimization process that we want is reached. Examples of Real side is
like giving fertilizer to the plant, a given dose a week, week 2 b administered dose, and
so on, until it
is known that at a dose of 'that
is all' optimal growth of plants obtained.
3.Usually done in the form of the
cycle (at least held in 3 cycles), with a
stage "PLANNING - ACTING - Observing - Reflecting
- Revised Plan
- ACTING /
Observing - Reflecting
- ff"
4.Researchers are also usually accompanied
by colleagues who
control the provision of treatment and observing
the change in the respondent.
5. Research time is usually "a while", and even
tend to be difficult to predict, because the
goal is to achieve optimal
conditions.
6. It is
important to look at is the
PROCESS, not RESULTS (if the results, it is important
that seen in
experimental studies)
7. Can not
be generalized, usually the result is a form of conclusion to the class
that alone, can not be used as a theory to other classes.
PARADIGM RESEARCH
Research
paradigm in the extreme is separated into two kinds of paradigms,
quantitative and qualitative paradigms.
1.Quantitative paradigm
This paradigm emphasizes the testing of theories through
the measurement of research
variables with numbers and perform data
analysis with statistical procedures.
2. Qualitative paradigm
This study emphasizes the understanding of the problems of social life based on reality or the natural condition of setting a holistic, complex and detailed.
This study emphasizes the understanding of the problems of social life based on reality or the natural condition of setting a holistic, complex and detailed.
Table 1: Differences Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigm
Assumptions
Quantitative paradigm
|
Qualitative paradigm
|
Reality is objective and a single dimension.
|
Reality is subjective and many dimensions.
|
Independent
researchers who examined the facts.
|
Researchers studied interacts with the facts.
|
Value free and unbiased.
|
Not value free and unbiased.
|
Deductive approach.
|
Inductive approach.
|
Testing the theory with quantitative analysis.
|
Formulation
of the
theory with qualitative analysis.
|
Method of
Observation (Observation)
a) Definition
and characteristics
Observation is a tool of data collection is done by systematically observe
and record the symptoms investigated.
The characteristics of the method of observation are:
1) Having a specific direction, systematic, and quantitative.
2) Followed recording immediately (at time of last observation), the results can be checked and verified.
The characteristics of the method of observation are:
1) Having a specific direction, systematic, and quantitative.
2) Followed recording immediately (at time of last observation), the results can be checked and verified.
b) Instructions
to make observations:
1)
Having knowledge of what will be observed and applied very carefully and
critically.
2) Investigate the purpose of research (either general or specific). Clarity of purpose of the research will lead simplify what should be observed.
2) Investigate the purpose of research (either general or specific). Clarity of purpose of the research will lead simplify what should be observed.
Methods Questionnaires (Questionnaire)
a. Definition and purpose
Questionnaire method is a list
that contains a series of questions about something problem or fields that will
be examined to obtain data, questionnaires distributed to respondents (those
who answered so the investigation), especially in survey research.
Purpose made questionnaire or the questionnaire were:
Purpose made questionnaire or the questionnaire were:
1) Obtain information relevant to the research
objectives.
2) Obtain information about a problem
simultaneously.
b.
Types
of questionnaires
According to the procedure, the questionnaire is divided into:
i. Questionnaire directly, namely a questionnaire sent to and answered by the respondents.
ii. Questionnaires indirectly, namely a questionnaire sent to someone to find information (information) about other people.
According to the procedure, the questionnaire is divided into:
i. Questionnaire directly, namely a questionnaire sent to and answered by the respondents.
ii. Questionnaires indirectly, namely a questionnaire sent to someone to find information (information) about other people.
Methods Interview (Interview)
The interview is a question and answer process that took place in the study orally. Conducted in face to face two or more people, plainly hearing directly the information or explanations required.
Purpose of the interview is to gather information, and not to change or influence the opinions of respondents.
The interview is a question and answer process that took place in the study orally. Conducted in face to face two or more people, plainly hearing directly the information or explanations required.
Purpose of the interview is to gather information, and not to change or influence the opinions of respondents.
Method of Documentation
This method is derived from:
This method is derived from:
i. Written sources.
Such as books, scientific
magazines, archives, or personal and official documents.
ii. The photos.
iii. Statistical data as additional data
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