How the words meaning combined structurally
phrase that making a sense. The purely linguistic side of meaning is equally
evident when examining how words combine with one another to produce phrases.
The set of restrictions on how a word may combine
with other words of a single syntactic category is referred to as the word’s
collocability. Two words may have same referent, and yet differ in
their ability to combine with particular words.
Set phrases are of two types:
1. The
first type of set phrases, the collocation, may be defined as “a set phrase
which still makes sense”: make noise,
make haste. One simply doesn’t say to
produce noise or make swiftness, even though such phrases would be
perfectly understandable. Since collocations still may be taken literally, they
can be paraphrases using regular syntactic transformations : Haste
was made by me, noise was made by the children.
2. Phrases whose words no longer make sense when taken literally are called idioms. The semantic relations between words in idiomatic set phrases may be illogical to varying degrees : white elephant sale, soap opera, to see red, break a leg, small voice, loud tie, wee hours of the night.
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